I have two examples:
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Suspended User being Granted the Badge
https://www.sitepoint.com/community/u/alangrin55User was suspended in July 2017
User received badge in August 2017
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User had deleted posts when badge was granted
https://www.sitepoint.com/community/u/badenewbyukI apologize for the poor contrast, the second post was created on December 8, 2017, and deleted on December 10, 2017
Recipient received badge in January 2018 and only has one non-deleted topic/post that was created in December 2017