It’s entirely possible but is somewhat of a re-build 
Funnily enough there’s a solution very close this on already on Topic List Previews called Featured Images, but it sits above the Topic List not at the side. It even allows you to filter by a particular tag.
So I think you now have all the open source you need to make this a reality 
(you can probably just move that to a Layouts widget and change the CSS slightly and badabing! 
)