Good question. With just the orange cloud defaults, you get DNS, CDN, DDoS protection, and the free managed ruleset. That’s a solid baseline and Discourse will work fine with just that.
The reason many go further is often SPAM, but also wasted bandwidth/server resources, and overall page speed/loading performance.
Regarding SPAM, we were getting anywhere from 5 to 10 spam posts a week, and at times it was relentless enough that I was actively searching for solutions here in these forums.
Since deploying these custom rules, that’s dropped to maybe 2 or 3 a month. The main issue left behind is one or two trolls and troublemakers who just keep signing up under new accounts when caught. But that’s another topic! The combination of challenging datacenter and VPN traffic, challenging Tor and problematic countries made a huge difference.
Beyond spam, there’s the hosting resources side. Knowing exactly what your hosting resources are being used for goes a long way. It’s also good for the internet in general not to feed automated traffic/bots.
Start with solid, fast hosting on a good network, most important that. Then Cloudflare on top ensures users who are far from your server still get a fast experience. The caching layer helps even with defaults, but going beyond the defaults continues to improve both performance and security.
By default, Cloudflare ships with settings that are extremely safe to enable without side effects. But there are plenty of additional settings that are also safe to enable and just aren’t turned on out of the box. And custom rules have to be custom because Cloudflare doesn’t offer any kind of wizard where you select “I’m running Discourse” or “I’m running WordPress” and it builds rules for you. That would be a great feature, and I plan to suggest it on my next call with them.
So it depends on what you want. If defaults are working and spam isn’t a problem, you may not need any of this.
But IMO, if you want more control over what reaches your forum and you want to squeeze every bit of performance out of your setup from the hosting layer all the way through to the edge, the custom rules are worth the effort.