Go to a category. Click /latest. The shown topics are different than what appears when moving back using the logo. Also, the dropdown of categories still shows the visited category.
This happens here and on my brand new instance that was rebuilt over the weekend.
Can you reproduce this on Meta? I tried, and I don’t seem to be able to.
So, yes 
Then there is two possibilities more: iPad and DiscourseHub. The Hub I can test easily.
Same with Safari.
Some screenshots:
This is what I saw when I opened Meta.
I chose “Bug” and clicked this latest link.
And I got this.
Is there something I don’t understand about how Discourse works now?
Do you mean it only shows bug topics but without including the Bug category badge under the title?
Or maybe you’re expecting the ‘latest’ option to take you to ‘all latest’ and not ‘latest bug topics’?
No. I was expecting to get forumwide latest, but it is showing latest of that category?
Is it worked that way all the time?
(Then this isn’t any bug, but a support or UX question, because we can’t have same wording, but different result — is my TL high enough to change category… yes, I had. It is UX now, but it can be re-categorized again, of course)
You should be able to change the category of your own topics as long as it’s within your edit window no matter your trust level. 
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But I think this is working as expected? Without it being a ‘latest bug topic’ button how would you change the category list to be top/hot/unread and back to latest again without it?
(and as long as you have permission to create a topic in that category without mod approval first) ↩︎
Open the category again? But yes, I see your point (even I don’t totally understand why someone should do that; but perhaps my lack of understanding comes from the reason that I never use top/hot).
But yet - I don’t like situation where we have totally same menu with context dependent results 
Yeah, I see what you mean. What’s top level navigation versus what’s a list filter/order function.
Fwiw, this has always been the behavior: Latest/Top/Unread/New act as filters on the current list context. Bookmarks works as a filter as well.
What goes against this pattern is the inclusion of the Category link, which isn’t a filter but rather a link to an entirely different view.
I think some of the extra ones added by plugins and theme components also have a bit of ambiguity to their function and where they’re placed.
Topic voting does add Votes (sort by most votes) and My Votes (filter to just the topics you’ve voted on) to that list
ActivityPub adds a ‘federation’ option that takes you to a special ‘follow’ page
Solved adds a filter for ‘solved’ or ‘unsolved’, but as a separate box and not to that menu.
Unanswered Filter adds an extra box as well rather than using the filter/sort menu
I’m sure there must be others too
It adds itself only when it is enabled in a category, and it is not visible generally, nor on the so-called front page.
So there are some differences.
The issue with content-dependent latest/hot/top is that a user/I must be aware of the location, and not click the familiar latest to see the latest is used to use all the time.
I think we might be saying similar things.
On /latest (that has all the visible topics you have access to) new/unread/unseen/top/hot/posted/bookmarks are still all ways to sort or filter the big list of everything. As Nolo says, only ‘categories’ takes you to a different page entirely.
So this can feel like top level navigation rather than a sorting/ordering/filtering option. (That is, they feel like they’re taking you to a different place rather than changing the result list)
And then within a category there are certain options added by customisations that can also blur the line too and make it less easy to appreciate that latest/unread/etc are sorting/filters for the category view
