I think some of the extra ones added by plugins and theme components also have a bit of ambiguity to their function and where they’re placed.
Topic voting does add Votes (sort by most votes) and My Votes (filter to just the topics you’ve voted on) to that list
ActivityPub adds a ‘federation’ option that takes you to a special ‘follow’ page
Solved adds a filter for ‘solved’ or ‘unsolved’, but as a separate box and not to that menu.
Unanswered Filter adds an extra box as well rather than using the filter/sort menu
I’m sure there must be others too