Discourseプラグイン開発 - パート1 - 基本的なプラグインの作成

Discourse プラグインの作成は、いくつかの特有の点さえ学べば、非常に簡単になります。この記事の目標は、スケルトン(雛形)プラグインを作成し、基本を紹介することです。

開発環境

コンピューター上で Discourse の開発環境が動作していることを確認してください。適切なセットアップガイドを使用し、完了してから戻ってくることをお勧めします。

plugin.rb

:tada: https://github.com/discourse/discourse-plugin-skeleton を使用して、plugins ディレクトリ内に完全な Discourse プラグインのスケルトンを作成してください :tada:

スケルトンは現在 Discourse コアにバンドルされています。rake plugin:create[plugin-name] でスケルトンを使用してプラグインが作成されます。

Discourse が起動する際、plugins ディレクトリ内の plugin.rb ファイルを含むサブディレクトリを探します。plugin.rb ファイルには 2 つの目的があります。1 つは、プラグインの名前、連絡先情報、説明など、プラグインに必要な情報を含むマニフェストであることです。2 つ目の目的は、プラグインの実行に必要な Ruby コードを初期化することです。

この例では Ruby コードを追加しませんが、それでも plugin.rb は必要です。basic-plugin というディレクトリを作成し、その中に以下の内容で plugin.rb ファイルを作成します。

basic-plugin/plugin.rb

# name: basic-plugin
# about: A super simple plugin to demonstrate how plugins work
# version: 0.0.1
# authors: Awesome Plugin Developer
# url: https://github.com/yourusername/basic-plugin

このファイルを作成したら、ローカルサーバーを再起動すると、プラグインがロードされるはずです。

重要な注意点!

通常の Rails 開発に慣れている場合、プラグインのリロードがそれほど簡単ではないことに気づくかもしれません。一般的に、プラグインに変更を加えた場合は、サーバーを停止するために Ctrl+c を押し、その後 bin/ember-cli -u を使用して再度実行する必要があります。

変更が反映されない場合!:warning:

キャッシュが完全にクリアされないことが時々あります。特に新しいファイルを作成したり、古いファイルを削除したりした場合に発生します。この問題を回避するには、tmp フォルダを削除してから Rails を再起動してください。Mac では、rm -rf tmp; bin/ember-cli -u の 1 つのコマンドで実行できます。

プラグインがロードされたことの確認

ローカルサーバーを再起動したら、/admin/plugins という URL にアクセスしてください(プラグインレジストリは管理者のみが閲覧できるため、最初に管理者アカウントでログインしていることを確認してください)。

すべてうまくいけば、リストにプラグインが表示されるはずです。

おめでとうございます、これで最初のプラグインが作成できました!

JavaScript を追加しましょう

現時点では、プラグインは何もしません。Discourse がロードされたときにアラートボックスを表示する JavaScript ファイルを追加しましょう。これはユーザーにとって非常に迷惑であり、実際のプラグインとしては推奨されませんが、実行中のアプリケーションに JavaScript を挿入する方法を示すことになります。

次のファイルを作成してください。

plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/discourse/initializers/alert.js

export default {
  name: "alert",
  initialize() {
    alert("alert boxes are annoying!");
  },
};

これでローカルサーバーを再起動すると、「alert boxes are annoying!」が画面に表示されるはずです。(表示されない場合は、上記の「変更が反映されない場合」のセクションを参照してください)。

これがどのように機能したかを順を追って説明します。

  1. assets/javascripts/discourse/initializers に配置された JavaScript ファイルは、Discourse アプリケーションがロードされるときに自動的に実行されます。

  2. この特定のファイルは、nameinitialize 関数を持つ 1 つのオブジェクトを export します。

  3. name は一意である必要があるので、ここでは単に alert と名付けました。

  4. initialize() 関数は、アプリケーションがロードされたときに呼び出されます。この場合、行うことは alert() コードを実行することだけです。

これで、あなたは正式な Discourse プラグイン開発者になりました!


シリーズの続き

パート 1: このトピック
パート 2: プラグインアウトレット
パート 3: サイト設定
パート 4: git のセットアップ
パート 5: 管理者インターフェース
パート 6: 受け入れテスト
パート 7: プラグインの公開


このドキュメントはバージョン管理されています。変更の提案はgithubで行ってください。

「いいね!」 109
Plugin API documentations?
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I am able to create plugin in development, it works fine. Thanks.
But I don’t see a way to install other’s plugin in development
So first question is how can I fork someone’s plugin in development and then build on top of that(hope copy paste that repo is not the recommended way)?
Second question is, it seems my created plugin is part of my repo, is there a way to create a separate github repo for the plugin automatically which others can directly use to install?

「いいね!」 1

I have a preferred method to do this. First, I have a ~/code directory where I have all my git projects. So I check out discourse and the plugin in that directory so it’s something like this:

~/code

discourse
discourse-some-plugin

Then, within the ~/code/discourse/plugins folder I create a symlink to the plugin:

$ cd ~/code/discourse/plugins
$ ln -s ~/code/discourse-some-plugin .

Then for good measure:

$ cd ~/code/discourse
$ rm -rf tmp
$ bundle exec rails server

Now you can fork the plugin in ~/code/discourse-some-plugin, make pull requests or whatever you want. It’ll be used by discourse.

「いいね!」 13

What is the best way to render ajax response inside a widget?
I was able to console.log the ajax response, but it is not rendering inside the widget.

Tried to call this.scheduleRerender() after getting ajax response but both results in an infinite loop.

「いいね!」 1

I am getting following error when trying to load a helper module inside my widget

Could you please help me to resolve this error?
Thanks

You should make sure your widget can contain state. After the ajax request, set it on the state object and trigger a this.scheduleRerender and it should appear. For an example look at how the post menu shows who liked something.

Looks like you have the wrong path to your helper. One way to see all the paths that Discourse has resolved is by typing require._eak_seen in your console. Look for the correct path name.

Thanks Robin Ward for your help. I was able to load my module after investigating with require._eak_seen.

Below is the code for my widget. The problem is that this.scheduleRerender() is causing an infinite loop. The div always shows loading animation (even without this.scheduleRerender) which seems this.state.loading is not being set.

import { createWidget } from 'discourse/widgets/widget';
import { getTopic } from 'discourse/plugins/my-plugin/discourse/helpers/topics';
import { ajax } from 'discourse/lib/ajax';
import { h } from 'virtual-dom';

export default createWidget('topic-widget', {
  tagName: 'div.my-topics',
  defaultState() {
    return { loading: false};
  },

  refreshTopic() {
    if (this.state.loading) { return; }
    this.state.loading = true;
    this.state.topic = 'empty';
    getTopic(this).then((result) => {
      console.log(result);
      this.state.topic = result;
      this.state.loading = false;
      this.scheduleRerender();
    });
  },

  html(attrs, state) {
    if (!state.topic) {
      this.refreshTopic();
    }
    const result = [];
    if (state.loading) {
      result.push(h('div.spinner-container', h('div.spinner')));
    } else if (state.topic !== 'empty') {
      result.push(state.topic);
    } else {
      result.push(h('div.no-messages', 'No topic.'))
    }

    return result;
  },
});

Could you help to resolve this error?

Your code looks mostly fine, however, all widgets that deal with state require a key attribute. You should have seen a warning about this, although maybe the warning only appears when running tests?

Try adding a buildKey function like buildKey: () => 'topic-widget'.

That should probably fix it. Also, a much less serious issue is you might want to add topic: null to your state object. Javascript is much faster when it knows the shape of the object in advance.

「いいね!」 5

Thanks Robin Ward.
Adding buildKey function worked fine for me.

「いいね!」 1

@eviltrout I got bitten by this in development and didn’t get a warning about setting a key attribute.

「いいね!」 3

Ah, it only warns in Ember.testing:

https://github.com/discourse/discourse/blob/master/app/assets/javascripts/discourse/widgets/widget.js.es6#L153

We might want to just raise an error if that happens now? It is pretty dangerous for Widgets to do that.

「いいね!」 4

:thumbsup: for raising an error instead. Maybe we can extend that to development too? :thought_balloon:

「いいね!」 2

Hopefully this will prevent others from making this mistake:

「いいね!」 6

Hi,

Is this url correct? Shouldn’t this be ,

I’m new here. please correct me if im wrong :slight_smile:

In Discourse, mainly there are two big JavaScript sections “discourse” and “admin”. Also you can see few more in https://github.com/discourse/discourse/tree/master/app/assets/javascripts.

In plugins, to differentiate admin & normal user section JavaScript files we use “discourse” and “admin” keywords in between like below

plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/discourse/initializers/alert.js.es6
plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/admin/initializers/alert.js.es6


Also it will just work even without identification keywords like you mentioned :slight_smile:

「いいね!」 11

@vinothkannans Thank you a lot for the explanation. :slight_smile:

I’m experiencing the same issue with getting symlinks to work (I’m on Linux) - the ln -s appears to work, but from inside the docker container the path is inaccessible. The plugin works when it is directly copied into the plugins folder, but I like the symlink workflow as it enables a more sensible Git arrangment.

This SO question appears to suggest that symlinks won’t work this way unless we also add the linked-to plugin volume to the docker run command https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38485607/mount-host-directory-with-a-symbolic-link-inside-in-docker-container

Anyone any thoughts on this? What are the pro plugin developers doing for a sensible Git workflow?

「いいね!」 2

I’m using symlinks but my dev setup is Docker-frei.

Symlinks are a really nice way of being able to include or exclude plugins on a ‘build’ very quickly without disturbing the codebase.

「いいね!」 2

Here’s what I’ve had to do in order to preserve a similar workflow to using symlinks (softlinks):

I edited /bin/docker/boot_dev in Discourse (outside the container) so that the plugin I want to work on is added as a volume and mounted in the /src/plugins/ directory (inside the container).

In my case it looks like this:

docker run -d -p 9405:9405 -p 1080:1080 -p 3000:3000 -p 9292:9292 \
-v "$DATA_DIR:/shared/postgres_data:delegated" \
-v "$SOURCE_DIR:/src:delegated" \ 
-v "/home/marcus/code/discourse/discourse-reflective-learning-plugin:/src/plugins/discourse-reflective-learning-plugin" \
$ENV_ARGS --hostname=discourse --name=discourse_dev --restart=always \
discourse/discourse_dev:release /sbin/boot

I’ve used absolute paths because I couldn’t be bothered to get into relative paths inside Docker and $SOURCE_DIR environment variables, but I’m sure there’s a cleverer way to do this, so that perhaps all your plugins could be in directories at the same level as discourse and it would automagically include them all. Hope this helps someone.

「いいね!」 2

I am totally open to a PR that automatically follows symlinks in plugins/ dir and then smart mounts volumes.

「いいね!」 4